Power System Frequency Stability Simulation for Solar Power System using MATLAB.

Abstract

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, maintaining power system frequency stability has become a major technical challenge. Conventional power systems rely on synchronous generators that inherently provide rotational inertia, which helps stabilize system frequency during load disturbances. However, solar PV systems are connected to the grid through power electronic inverters and do not naturally contribute inertia, making the system more vulnerable to frequency deviations. This thesis investigates the frequency stability performance of a power system with integrated solar PV generation using MATLAB/Simulink. Mathematical modelling of the power system, solar PV system, inverter control, and frequency response dynamics is developed. Various load disturbance scenarios are simulated to analyze frequency deviation, frequency nadir, and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The simulation results demonstrate that high solar penetration significantly affects frequency stability. Furthermore, improvement techniques such as droop control and virtual inertia are discussed. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into maintaining frequency stability in modern renewable-dominated power systems.