South Asia in the grip of trafficking

Abstract

Human trafficking is one of the most heinous forms of modern-day slavery and a serious violation of fundamental human rights. Bangladesh, because of its economic vulnerabilities, limited employment opportunities, irregular migration channels, porous borders, and the presence of organized trafficking networks, remains highly vulnerable to human trafficking. The situation has been further complicated by the Rohingya crisis, which has increased the vulnerability of displaced populations to trafficking and exploitation. Many Bangladeshi migrants and Rohingyas undertake dangerous and irregular journeys in search of employment and a better life, often falling victim to fraudulent recruitment, forced labour, sexual exploitation, and other forms of abuse. Malaysia and other destination countries in Southeast Asia have become important destinations within these trafficking networks due to their demand for low-cost migrant labour.

This paper examines the major causes, consequences, and mechanisms of human trafficking in Bangladesh, with particular attention to irregular migration to Malaysia and the vulnerabilities of Rohingya populations. It also explores the roles of brokers, recruitment agencies, government officials, weak border monitoring, inadequate institutional coordination, and limited legal protection in facilitating trafficking. The paper argues that human trafficking cannot be addressed effectively through national measures alone; rather, coordinated regional and international cooperation is essential. Strengthening law enforcement, ensuring effective investigation and prosecution of traffickers and corrupt officials, regulating recruitment agencies, expanding safe and legal migration opportunities, protecting victims, and implementing the Human Trafficking Act 2012 and relevant national action plans are crucial steps. Greater public awareness and regional cooperation among South Asian and Southeast Asian countries are also necessary to combat cross-border trafficking and protect vulnerable populations from exploitation.